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6 - March 2011 Efemerides The Pioneer anomaly

offer predictions month by month of the most important events that involve positions of the planets, the moon, eclipses and occultations of stars or planets by the moon.

Efemerides Professor Andrea Argoli XVII Century.

The list is complete for the entire world, which may mean that the event will occur below the horizon or day. Also the most important are marked in red or with a link.

Podes SUBSCRIBE and receive by email these events, more news.

you should get several times a month because we can add some additional detailed map.

Schedules are in Universal Time. If there is any data you do not understand, you can find them in detailed explanations.

If you want to remember as was the degrees, minutes and seconds, here.

February 2011

is a month with no major events: (see maps on the links listed below.)

d h ;
25  6  Antares 2.8S de la Luna
25  8  Mercurio conjuncion superior
25 21  Luna mas al sur (-24.0)
27  8  Pluton 3.9N de la Luna
_______________________________________


Marzo de 2011

Recomiendo que vean las ocultaciones de 2011 , porque desde varias ciudades iberoamericanas hay ocultaciones.
No es un gran mes con respecto a eventos importantes.

01/3 - Hay un buen acercamiento entre Venus and moon at dawn.
09 / 3 - Bring Uranus and Mercury. It is a challenge because it is very close to the Sun (11 degrees).
20 / 3 - is produced or early autumn equinox.
22 / 3 - Mercury is at greatest elongation, and good time to see it in the afternoon.
27 / 3 - Venus passes very close to Uranus, but so near the Sun (only 4 degrees) that are very bad circumstances.

d h ;
1 3 de la Luna Venus 1.6S
3 14 Neptune 4.8S de la Luna 4 7
de Mars 5.7S
la Luna 4 20 LUNA NUEVA
May 12 Mercury 6.0S of Luna
June 4 Uranus 5.7S of Luna ;
July 6 at Luna Apogee
September 16 Mercury 0.3N of Uranus
December 16 Luna but north (23.8) December 23
ROOM Creciente ;
March 16 Mercury 2.0N of Regulus 17 20 Jupiter 4.9
N Luna

19 18 19 18 FULL MOON ; Moon at perigee 20 23 Equinox

September 21 2.4n of the Moon Spica
December 21
Uranus in conjunction 22 22 Mercury greatest elongation E (19)
24 13 Antares 3.0S of Moon 25
, 4 Luna further south (-23.8)
December 26 Last Quarter
26 15 3.6N of Moon Pluto
January 27 Venus 0.1S of Neptune

30 19 Mercury stationary 30 22 Neptune 5.0s of the Moon
August 31 Venus 5.5S of Moon _______________________________________





April 2011 3 / 3 - Saturn is in opposition (minimum distance from Earth).

d h ; Luna en
2 8 2 11 apogeo
Mars 5.9S de la Luna 2 13 Uranus 5.7S
de la Luna ;
3 14 LUNA NUEVA ;
3 19 Jupiter 5.8S
de la Luna 3 20 de Mars Uranus 0.2S March 23
Saturn opposition Mercury 1.3s
April 9 Luna April 17
ROOM Creciente ; May 4 Luna
further south (-23.1) _______________________________________


meteor shower: (details)

alpha-Centaurids
between: Jan 28-Feb 21 - Maximum: February 8

delta-Leonidas
between: Feb 15-Mar 10 - Max: 25 February


gamma-Standards between: Feb 25-Mar 22 - Max: Mar 13

Virginity
between: Apr 25-Apr 15 - Maximum: Mar 24

Bite Like Bumps On Arm

space probes Pioneer 10 and 11, which revolutionized the understanding of the distant solar system, with its photographs and studies of the giant planets, in recent years are raising a call incognita the "Pioneer anomaly"

The anomaly refers to the fact that ships seem to be moving in a different way of how they should do or more precisely, they seem to be subject to a slight acceleration whose direction is towards the Sun

The anomaly was detected for the first time by John Anderson in 1980, when data analysis to monitor the spacecraft showed a small acceleration toward the sun, without explanation. (This was first published in 1995, but the main paper appeared in 1998). Since then he has continuously studied by some scientists.

The Pioneer anomaly is one of the mysteries (very few!) Real in contemporary physics, and is a great example of how science is done.

How was the research

The first step - that Anderson and his colleagues took - was to work with the spacecraft data, how fast they traveled (and direction).

then calculated the effects of gravity, of all known Solar System objects (between the sun and asteroids and comets).

measured and calculated values \u200b\u200bfor the Pioneer X and XI. Both spacecraft show the anomaly. Later

calculated the effects of things like radiation pressure and the possible release gas.

So ... It also tried to check if other spacecraft appeared to have undergone a similar anomalous acceleration (The problem is that there is no unambiguous answer, because the ships have known movements - but which can not be a model physical-with effects much larger than the Pioneer anomaly).

Several independent investigations have been carried out, using different methods, etc

In recent years, much effort has been invested in trying to find the raw data of follow up (this has been difficult, because many data tapes were not in place, for example), and the extraction of clean signals (also difficult ... the data was not intended to be tested in this way are very poor , ....

And yet, the anomaly remains ...
inexplicable
There is an acceleration of approximately 9 x 10 - ¹ º m / s ², at the Sun This is about 10 ; km / h per century. It is 100 billion times weaker than the acceleration of gravity on our planet.

diagram where they are at this time the Pioneer spacecraft X, XI, Voyager 1 and 2. Even though the Pioneer head to places almost opposite the solar system, the fault is measurable in both.

The Planetary Society has been funding research into the Pioneer anomaly, and you can see a great summary here . (In English).

There are several possibilities to explain the anomaly.

Some go to a nonexistent effect that has to do with the heating of the spacecraft in a non-homogeneous deviate makes up others that are related to a deviation from Einstein's gravity, or the Kuiper Belt slows the ship .....

The reality is that when There are many options to explain something, not much is known of the subject ...

some versions have come out lately that the anomaly corresponds to the disintegration of atoms of atomic reactor, which accounts for about a third of the effect, or another that says that the only thing that happens is that the ship is in contact with the magnetic and electric field of the solar system, but nothing is definite yet.

will have to wait. Maybe not is nothing, or maybe we're on the verge of something that will revolutionize modern physics.

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analyzing astronomical images 5

evening is a warm, cloudless sky, reddish near horizon. Begin to see the first stars.

Above the lunar night ...

The moon, just rising, is drawn as a sickle over the western horizon with a faint glow in the dark.

start thinking about your partner, a romantic dinner ....

But ... a moment!!

How is it that is illuminated the night of the Moon? From where comes that light? and worse, because during the Fourth and not seen?.

Venus at any time does not show a glow similar to our moon.

If you plan on Mercury or Venus, for example, each night is black .... because the Moon?

things by name.

That night glow of the moon is called "Earthshine ."

The answer:

First we have to imagine how they are things located in the solar system, with the stars involved.

If there is light, the Sun must be included. The moon obviously too. As our planet revolves around, we also added to the Earth.

For further clarification, note the phases of the moon .

Diagram of the Earth - Moon and the Sun, shining from the left. The green line running through the moon is half of the Moon seen from Earth, which is marked "1."

As you see in the diagram above, the sun can not be, because it is the other side. Unable to shine directly on the lunar night.

only thing is the night side of the Moon is the Earth.

it should be .... and yes it is!

The blue arrows are the sunlight reflected by Earth.

light is reflected from our planet!
This value (the reflection of light by a body) is called albedo .
In the same way the moon lights up the night when the full Earth (Earth from the moon now looks like full!), Earth to the Moon also reflects sunlight, but much more because it is larger and its albedo is higher too.

And when in the room?

Sunlight can be reflected no more than 90 degrees, so that it can not illuminate beyond when the Moon is in fourth, and even so, the moon is so bright that by contrast, no Earthshine would be.

came your partner ... I was thinking? Ahhh! Where the phone to order pizza?

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Postage

After seeing the unique item Santiago Paolantonio on postage stamps in Argentina related to astronomy, I took a turn for the Stamps section of Correo Argentino, and found some of them. Very well printed, some really big size.

Note the size of the stamp on my hand.

There are some meteor Chaco Observatory, but only got the you see below ...... The others are bringing in a moment that sounded like "between now and five years may bring them ...."

Commemorative International Year of Astronomy 2009

Of Some observatories in Argentina.

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Gauna

And here we continue on the evenings a way, a single direction, without return, a cute and memories last, among all that was and what I was, what we were and what more can never be.

J. Gauna

And the more challenges you get better, so your mind is always focused on goals, your life will retain control reasons and constant change. And feel that life is very, very quickly .. then you will take time to stop, look around, evolve. You will continue climbing the ladder, you can even, if you desire to become successful. J.

Gauna

Only God knows if I'm right or wrong, while not waste the intelligence that led me to find out. J.

Gauna

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astronomical prediction

Sometimes we observe occultations of stars by asteroids and do not know where to get the predictions. Here describes how to obtain them.

The occultations of stars by asteroids help accurately determine its position and shape.
Although there are many computer programs for making predictions, has many errors it is necessary to make last minute corrections. One of the best pages where predictions with these corrections, and the whole world is Steve Preston :

Site

Steve Preston

The description of the data table is:

Event Date / Time: Event date / time : TU moment when occultation occurs.

Rank: ranking - This related to the probability that the concealment becomes effective on-site expected. The higher the number the more secure the observation, although a ranking event with 100% may not be visible. In the ranking there are considerations about the brightness of the star, drop size, etc..

Asteroid: Asteroid: describes the number and magnitude of the asteroid name hider.

Star: Star: describes the catalog number of the hidden star and its magnitude.

Visibility: visibility zone: countries where concealment is visible. DM

DA: are respectively: Fall of magnitude, duration in seconds and elongation with the Sun very
dM small are difficult to follow, like D too short. If A is less than 30 degrees, will be at dusk or dawn and near the Sun

Details: Details: go to the maps page of Steve Preston. ( date is the last update ).

If you go to this last point, see a map like this:

DETAILS ON

detailed site map. The circles on the continent represent the position of major cities. The oval to the right, passing under the shadow of the asteroid is the error. (In this case small).

asteroidal occultations previous map

1) - Data from the star are:

Mv: visual magnitude

RA: Right Ascension - Dec : Declination (both 2000),

2) - Data from the asteroid or planet are

V.mag.: visual magnitude

diam: km diameter. and arcseconds.

m: proper motion in seconds. arc per hour. p: parallax

Ref: source of information.

Dm:
magnitude drop
Max. dur: maximum duration in seconds. (This time limit would be whether the concealment was central).

Sun: distance from the Sun in degrees.

Moon: Distance in degrees to the Moon, and phase as shown in%. (0% new. 100% full).

3) - Letter seeker:

is a letter from heaven a more or less large area to find the approximate area where the occultation will occur. Within it, there is a dotted rectangle is the area covered by the Charter and Rules.

4) - Error:

is the maximum error of the asteroid's trajectory. It can be seen clearly here that the prediction step of the shadow is to the south of Chile and Argentina, but the dotted lines represent error which could pass the shadow. Sometimes this a lot further than here.

So while the central line does not pass through his place of observation, if you are within the error zone, chances are you can view the occultation.

addition on the site are maps of the sky and more detailed data, but with this info is enough to find the star and observe the occultation.